The highest price a stock has traded at over the last 12 months.

The lowest price a stock has traded at over the last 12 months.

An American Depositary Receipt lets investors buy shares of foreign companies on US exchanges.

A measure of investment performance compared with a benchmark after adjusting for risk.

A yearly company filing that summarizes financial results, operations, and business strategy.

The lowest price a seller is willing to accept for a stock or other security.

How a portfolio is split across asset classes like stocks, bonds, and cash.

Assets Under Management, the total market value of investments managed by a fund or firm.

Buying more shares at lower prices to reduce your average cost per share.

A broad market decline, often defined as a drop of 20 percent or more from recent highs.

A measure of how much a stock tends to move compared with the overall market.

The highest price a buyer is willing to pay for a security.

The difference between the bid price and ask price, often a cost of trading.

A large, established company with a strong track record and stable finances.

A company's assets minus liabilities, shown on the balance sheet.

When price moves above resistance or below support with momentum.

A market period where prices trend upward for an extended time.

A long-term approach where investments are kept through short-term market swings.

A contract giving the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy an asset at a set price before expiration.

A chart style that shows open, high, low, and close prices for each period.

Profit earned when an investment is sold for more than its purchase price.

Money moving into and out of a business, tracked in cash flow statements.

A temporary trading halt triggered by large market moves to reduce panic volatility.

Standard company shares that often carry voting rights and potential dividends.

Earning returns on previous returns over time, which can accelerate growth.

A strategy that buys when sentiment is very negative and sells when optimism is extreme.

A bond that can be converted into company shares under specific terms.

A statistic showing how two investments move relative to each other.

The original value of an investment used to calculate capital gains or losses.

An options strategy where you sell call options on shares you already own.

An order that remains active only during the current trading day.

Buying and selling securities within the same day to capture short-term price moves.

A leverage ratio comparing a company's total debt to shareholder equity.

A stock from sectors that tend to hold up better during weak economic periods.

Removal of a stock from an exchange due to rule violations, mergers, or voluntary exits.

The amount an option's price is expected to change for a $1 move in the underlying asset.

A financial contract whose value is based on an underlying asset, index, or rate.

A reduction in ownership percentage when a company issues more shares.

A cash payment from a company to shareholders, often made quarterly.

A company known for long, consistent dividend growth over many years.

Annual dividend per share divided by share price, expressed as a percentage.

Investing fixed amounts at regular intervals to reduce timing risk.

The decline from a portfolio or stock peak to its next low point.

A Dividend Reinvestment Plan automatically uses dividends to buy more shares.

Company net income divided by the number of outstanding shares.

Periods when many public companies release quarterly financial results.

A durable competitive advantage that helps a company protect profits over time.

Market capitalization plus debt minus cash, used to value the whole business.

An Exchange-Traded Fund that holds many assets and trades like a stock.

The first day a stock trades without the next dividend attached.

The annual fee a fund charges investors, shown as a percentage of assets.

The amount a bond pays back at maturity, also called par value.

An estimate of what an asset is worth based on analysis, not market price alone.

Evaluating investments using business quality, financial statements, and valuation.

A standardized agreement to buy or sell an asset at a set future date and price.

Measures how quickly an option's delta changes as the underlying price moves.

A company expected to grow earnings faster than the market average.

An offsetting position used to reduce potential losses in another investment.

A fund designed to track the performance of a market index.

Trading based on material non-public information, often illegal when done improperly.

The risk that changing interest rates affect bond prices and some stock valuations.

An estimate of an asset's true worth based on future cash flows and fundamentals.

Initial Public Offering, when a private company first sells shares to public investors.

An order to buy or sell at a specified price or better.

How easily an asset can be bought or sold without strongly moving the price.

Owning an asset with the expectation that its price will rise.

Borrowed money from a broker used to buy securities.

A broker demand for more funds when account equity falls below required levels.

A company's share price multiplied by total shares outstanding.

An order executed immediately at the best available current price.

A strategy that buys assets with strong recent performance trends.

A pooled investment fund priced once daily, managed actively or passively.

Net Asset Value, the per-share value of a fund's assets minus liabilities.

Contracts that give rights to buy or sell an underlying asset at a strike price before expiration.

Price-to-Book ratio, share price divided by book value per share.

Price-to-Earnings ratio, share price divided by earnings per share.

Adjusting holdings to return a portfolio to target asset allocation weights.

Shares that usually pay fixed dividends and rank above common shares in claims.

An analyst estimate of where a stock may trade in the future.

A contract giving the buyer the right to sell an asset at a set price before expiration.

Central bank bond purchases intended to support liquidity and lower long-term rates.

A Real Estate Investment Trust that owns or finances income-producing real estate.

A price level where selling pressure has historically limited further gains.

Net income divided by shareholder equity, showing how efficiently capital is used.

How much volatility and potential loss an investor can accept.

A group of companies in a similar part of the economy, such as energy or technology.

When a company repurchases its own shares, reducing shares outstanding.

A risk-adjusted return metric that compares excess return to volatility.

The number of shares currently sold short and not yet covered.

Borrowing and selling shares to profit if the price declines.

The difference between expected trade price and actual execution price.

An order that triggers when price reaches a set level to help limit losses.

The fixed price at which an option can be exercised.

A price level where buying pressure has historically helped prevent further declines.

A strategy that aims to capture multi-day or multi-week price swings.

Evaluating securities using price charts, trends, and trading indicators.

Measures how much value an option loses as time passes, all else equal.

A short code used to identify a publicly traded security on an exchange.

The length of time an order stays active, such as day or good-till-cancelled.

Overall investment return including price change and income like dividends.

A stop order that moves with price to lock in gains while limiting downside.

A stock that appears cheap relative to fundamentals such as earnings or book value.

Measures how much an option price changes when implied volatility changes.

How much and how quickly prices move up and down over time.

The number of shares or contracts traded during a period.

Weighted Average Cost of Capital, the blended cost of debt and equity financing.

A graph of interest rates across different bond maturities.

A bond sold at a discount that pays no periodic interest and matures at face value.